scribblings from a deist transhumanist libertarian minarchist citizen soldier

Without reforms, U.S. will go bankrupt: Laurence Kotlikoff

by TD of The Right Track
with special thanks to KnightHawk of Your Two Sense


Laurence J. Kotlikoff has written an article published by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review in which he predicted bankruptcy for the United States — unless serious reforms are put in place to raise revenue or cut spending.

While it’s hard to agree with all of Kotlikoff’s conclusions, one in particular is worth examining. According to Kotlikoff, his proposed policies would put America on track to eliminate the nation’s “enormous fiscal gap” and avert bankruptcy.

Here’s a summary of his plan (page 12 of the PDF file linked above):

The three proposals I recommend cover taxes, Social Security, and healthcare and are interconnected and interdependent. In particular, tax reform provides the funding needed to finance Social Security and healthcare reform. It also ensures that the rich and middle class elderly pay their fair share in resolving our fiscal gap.

And what of the proposed tax reform? What form would it take? Apparently, Kotlikoff likes the FairTax:

The plan here is to replace the personal income tax, the corporate income tax, the payroll (FICA) tax, and the estate and gift tax with a federal retail sales tax plus a rebate. The rebate would be paid monthly to households, based on the households demographic composition, and would be equal to the sales taxes paid, on average, by households at the federal poverty line with the same demographics.

The proposed sales tax has three highly progressive elements. First, thanks to the rebate, poor households would pay no sales taxes in net terms. Second, the reform would eliminate the highly regressive FICA tax, which is levied only on the first $90,000 of earnings. Third, the sales tax would effectively tax wealth as well as wages, because when the rich spent their wealth and when workers spent their wages, they would both pay sales taxes.

The single, flat-rate sales tax would pay for all federal expenditures. The tax would be highly transparent and efficient. It would save hundreds of billions of dollars in tax compliance costs. And it would either reduce or significantly reduce effective marginal taxes facing most Americans when they work and save.

The sales tax would also enhance generational equity by asking rich and middle class older Americans to pay taxes when they spend their wealth. The poor elderly, living on Social Security, would end up better off. They would receive the sales tax rebate even though the purchasing power of their Social Security benefits would remain unchanged (thanks to the automatic adjustment to the consumer price index that would raise their Social Security benefits to account for the increase in the retail-price level).

The sales tax would be levied on all final consumption goods and services and would be set at 33 percenthigh enough to cover the costs of this New New Deals Social Security and healthcare reforms as well as meet the governments other spending needs. On a tax-inclusive basis, this is a 25 percent tax rate, which is a lower or much lower marginal rate than most workers pay on their labor supply. The marginal tax on saving under the sales tax would be zero, which is dramatically lower than the effective rate now facing most savers.

While Kotlikoff’s tax-inclusive rate is a couple of percentage points higher than that currently being proposed in the House and Senate Bills, the method is identical.

The arguments for the FairTax just keep coming in. That’s because the FairTax is the best thing for America with regard to serious tax reform.


Just an FYI, KnightHawk also published the results of a ballot initiative on the FairTax from three metropolitan Atlanta counties. The question was only on the Republican ballot (aren’t Dems for the FairTax?), and only in the three Atlanta-area counties, and it was non-binding. It was meant to gauge reaction to the FairTax. The results:

Gwinnett County:
Total Votes: 35,755
Yes – 31,068. 86.9% / No – 4,687 13.1%

Cobb County:
Total votes: 39,458
Yes – 33,598. 85.15% / No – 5,860. 14.85%

Fayette County:
Total votes: 11,517
Yes – 9,828. 85.33% / No – 1,689. 14.67%

An average of 85.79% of the voters in these three counties favor the FairTax! Senators? Representatives? Are you listening? Don’t make us shout!

The FairTax Blogburst is jointly produced by Terry of The Right Track Blog and Jonathan of Publius Rendezvous. If you would like to host the weekly postings on your blog, please e-mail Terry. You will be added to our mailing list and blogroll.

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  • sk
    Dale, I know several folks who have been hit by AMT. I didn't look at their tax returns, but I know they are not wealthy. The $100,000 annual income is a farce too...unless you live in a seriously depressed area with much lower cost living, that IS middle class. Especially for anybody trying to buy a house.
  • Dale
    Who in the middle class is impacted by AMT? Anybody who makes less than $100,000 a year?
  • kitanis
    Some of your ideas I share with you. But I still say the Tax system is broke.. mainly because of the very thing you complain about. Progressive Income tax is the main reason I beleive the system is corrupt and broke.

    The Alternative Minimum Tax is the main thing I point out as evil and its congress and the inflexibility of the system. When orgionally enacted, it was meant to go after the top 17 money earners in the country... but because of inflation and congress refusal to re-evaluate it, Millions of people who are just basically middle class are subject to this.

    But I still beleive the Fair Tax is more fair. Income Tax is a progressive tax, plain and simple. It peanilzes you for earning money, the more you make.. the more the government expects you to pay, either by IT or by captical gains. The Fair Tax is a a Pay as you buy tax. Its more logical in my personal opinion. To be fair.. I have never read the Fair Tax Book.. only looked at the ideas.
  • Dale
    The tax system is broken?

    The problem is still Congress. It has not changed and it needs to. A Fair Tax system only allows Congress to start over by giving special tax receipts to companies to foster their interests instead of giving tax breaks.
    But on to changes....
    Let's start with legal off shore tax havens. Get rid of them.Then let's remove all tax breaks to companies that require the company to file a form, that eliminates the bureaucracy and the cost to business to get tax breaks; and since all companies in an industry face the same change in taxes it not unfair to any of them. AND since they do not pay them anyway, it does them no harm.
    How about a national plebiscite for any new taxes? We have the technology to do this today, let people vote for or against any new taxes and force Congress to follow the will of the people in this regard.
    How about getting rid of the progressive income tax rate? Why should people who make more pay more as a percent of their income? THAT is unfair.
    How about eliminating taxes on private businesses and only tax corporations? That alone will surge capital investment in private businesses where there is ownership and accountability.
    Should wealth that makes wealth be taxed at the same rate as labor that makes wealth? Should Wall Street investors whose money works for them instead of their labor have the same tax rate as a manufacturing executive who makes products and goods?
    I think that America's political system needs to discuss tax systems and change ours. I am less convinced that the "Fair Tax" is the best way.
  • kitanis
    So Dale

    I read your comments there.. and have to ask the question that Many American taxpayers have been asking for years: Whats the true solution?

    Politicians have been screaming for years to reform the tax system for the American People. But for every tax that is taken away.. another one springs up in its place later on. Tax Breaks are a politicians trick to force millions of people to file the long form for something that may or not be applicable to their finances and usually for only a period of a few years.

    The TAX system in the US is Broke. The tax should be the source of income and not added to by hidden fees. There are hidden taxes in your airline tickets, your gas purchases, your phone bill, your cable bill, Some of your internet service depending on provider etc.

    The Fair Tax would be a good start to simplify the system. I hear alot of disenters scream about corporate taxes.. I ask you this, a complany produces products with workers, however small. The workers who are paid spend money and pay taxes. The consumer pay's taxes on their income as they buy the goods produced. So why dose the company be required to pay even more taxes than the worker or consumer?. That sort of thinking bankrupts many companies because of the idea that they must pay a large portion of their profits to feed the government pig trough. Of Course that helps the stagnation of the economy.

    Sorry. my libertarian feelings are starting to creep in.
  • Dale
    A couple of more things:
    How much bureaucracy do you think it takes to send ACCURATE amounts of money to 200 million Americans every month? Had a baby? wait for change. Got divorced? wait for change. Husband died? Wait for change. You can figure that the “float” on millions of Americans each month who have had a change in their head of household status, it must be huge. I also suspect that if your husband dies and you spend over your card allottment while waiting for the new amount to be added to your card, that all of your excesses will be deducted without your advance knowledge. Surprise!
    The authors claim that the Fair Tax is revenue neutral. They also claim that you can use your new found wealth each month to do with what you will. To spend when you think it is right. But I ask you, if you are paying the same taxes before and after this plan, then you will be spending the same amount before and after this plan. Remember that the national savings rate is under 2% in America. Perhaps you will shift your money from savings ( no longer taxed under the plan) into stocks to get capital gains that are also not taxed? When pigs fly. If you are poor, you are saving what you can for a rainy day. Same is true for middle class.
    Exactly how much medical expenses are covered at the poverty level? Why , you ask? Well, all of your medical expenses will now be subject to the ”Fair Tax”. If you are like me and my family, medical expenses occur in buckets at times. But I suspect that medical expenses are not “necessities” under the “Fair Tax”. So the poor and middle class will now be paying more for their medical care, about 23% more if I read the book correctly. You know, the 23% that the insurance companies pay in embedded taxes now but will not have to pay in the future.

    Oh, lastly, the authors cite that a big advantage is getting rid of the IRS so they do not bother regular people like you and me anymore. So I ask you to count the number of times you have filed income taxes, paid Medicare, and Social Security and then count the number of times you have spoken to IRS personnel. For 75% of us, this is a non-issue. Plus how many more IRS personnel are going to be needed to collect taxes from barbershops, hairdressers, gardeners, massage therapists, and all of the other people who provide you a service?

    The Fair Tax solves no problems for the average American but the authors salivate over how easy it will be for the wealthy to figure out their tax returns and they try to convince you that the wealthy will pay more in taxes because of this approach. And they try to convince you that the release of capital will flood business and allow America to grow because businesses are no longer taxed and they can put more money into growth. Imagine that , first the authors say how nobody benefits from this change ( revenue neutral, taxes are embedded, business doesn't pay taxes anyway, etc) but then they say business will grow more because they have more money to spend if they do not have to think about tax laws. So if you are not wealthy, how does this benefit you?
  • Dale
    Foofaraw! Let me explain why. First, on page 74, of the paperback edition, is the list of taxes to be repealed: the individual income tax, the alternative minumum income tax ( for when you have too many tax breaks, it ensures that you pay something, what a concept!), corporate and business income taxes, capital gains taxes, Social Security taxes, Medicare taxes, the self employment tax, estate taxes, and gift taxes. Now I ask you, how many of these taxes are you paying now? Income tax and Social Security and Medicare, right? Maybe, just maybe , you are a business owner and you pay taxes in your business ( the authors point out that the consumer already pays these taxes in the cost to purchase so the business owner does not pay anything anyway) . Maybe just maybe, you have stocks and bonds that you own. But for 75% of all Americans , you only pay income tax, social security, and medicare plus embedded taxes in the cost of any purchases. Just like eveybody else. So here is the rub, if you only pay these taxes, you will pay MORE under the “Fair Tax”. So if you are paying MORE , who is paying LESS? Why the people who now pay all the other taxes plus income, social security, and medicare. How convenient for them. How sad for you.
    knowing that 75% of the people will be paying MORE in taxes, the authors dangle a carrot on page 79 that says the US government will send every head of household a “pre-bate”. That is a rebate in advance of you paying any consumption tax. And the authors tell you that you will get it every month for your “necessities”. How much is that you ask? Why it happens to be the same amount as the poverty level determined annually by the government multiplied by 23%. So if you are poverty level poor, you will get a check each month ( or a debit card) that you can use to buy your goods tax free. But if you are not poverty level poor, you will get a card and still pay that 23% for everything over the poverty level amount. Again, more than 75% of Americans are not in that poor category.
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